Common configurations and challenges in screen-printed enzymatic electrochemical biosensors

The screen-printing technique has been widely used in experimental biosensors due to its low cost, scalability and range of manufacturing materials. Various deposition strategies of enzymatic biosensors in thick film technology are being discussed. A brief overview of electrochemical transducers ranging from amperometric to potentiometric, conductometric, impedimetric, coulometric and field-effect based is given, focusing on the most common configurations. Different approaches to immobilization of biological components are shown as well as their advantages and drawbacks. Adsorption, affinity, entrapment, covalent immobilization and cross-linking are methods being discussed to indicate influence on enzyme activity and stability. Example of challenges in enzymatic biosensors manufacturing are presented.